USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord

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• USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord 27 février 2020 02:21, par NYT

  Interview de Bernie Sander au New York Times

  https://www.nytimes.com/interactive…

  Bernie Sanders
  Senator from Vermont, 78

  1. Use of Force

  Presidents from both parties have taken an expansive view of their powers as commander in chief, deploying troops and ordering airstrikes without explicit congressional approval and, sometimes, without an imminent threat. The Democratic candidates frequently criticize such actions, but they have been less clear on the circumstances in which they would consider military force justifiable.

  Apart from responding to an attack on the United States or a treaty ally, what are the conditions under which you would consider the use of American military force ?

  sanders’s Answer : Bernie’s first priority is to protect the American people. Military force is sometimes necessary, but always — always — as the last resort. And blustery threats of force can often signal weakness as much as strength, diminishing U.S. deterrence, credibility and security in the process. When Bernie is president, we will ensure that the United States pursues diplomacy over militarism to bring about peaceful, negotiated resolutions to conflicts around the world. If military force is necessary, Bernie will make sure he acts with appropriate congressional authorization, and only when he has determined that the benefits of military action outweigh the risks and costs.

  Would you consider military force for a humanitarian intervention ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  Would you consider military force to pre-empt an Iranian or North Korean nuclear or missile test ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  Would you consider military force to protect oil supplies ?

  sanders’s Answer:No.

  Is there any situation in which you could see yourself using American troops or covert action in a regime-change effort ? If so, under what circumstances would you be willing to do that ?

  sanders’s Answer:No.

  Is it appropriate for the United States to provide nonmilitary support for regime-change efforts, as the Trump administration did in Venezuela ?

  sanders’s Answer:No.

  2. Iran

  In 2015, the Obama administration signed a deal with Iran that lifted sanctions in exchange for significant limits on Iran’s nuclear program. Many Republicans fiercely objected to the deal, saying it was not tough enough, and in 2018, President Trump abandoned it and reinstated sanctions. But Iran kept up its end of the agreement until last month, when Mr. Trump ordered the killing of a top Iranian general, Qassim Suleimani. The killing of General Suleimani brought the United States to the brink of war with Iran, which retaliated by attacking two military bases that American forces were using in Iraq.

  What would you do with the now-abandoned Iranian nuclear deal, as negotiated in 2015 ?

  sanders’s Answer : Bernie would re-enter the deal with no new preconditions, provided Iran is also meeting its commitments. He would then pursue wider talks to resolve issues of ballistic missiles, support for terrorist groups, and human rights.

  Do you believe President Trump acted within his legal authority in giving the order to kill Qassim Suleimani ? Was the killing justifiable ? Was it wise ?

  sanders’s Answer :

  No. The U.S. is not at war with Iran, and Congress has not authorized any military action against Iran. Clearly there is evidence that Suleimani was involved in acts of terror. He also supported attacks on U.S. troops in Iraq. But the right question isn’t "was this a bad guy," but rather "does assassinating him make Americans safer ?" The answer is clearly no. Our forces are on higher alert because of this. We’ve sent even more troops to the region to deal with the heightened threat. And the Iraqi Parliament voted to kick our troops out, after we spent trillions of dollars and lost 4,500 brave soldiers there.

  Regarding possible future military action against Iran, is there any type of response that is off the table for you ?

  sanders’s Answer : Bernie would work with our European allies to de-escalate tensions with Iran and engage in aggressive diplomacy that would safeguard the security of the U.S. and our partners while preventing a disastrous war with Iran.

  What would your military strategy to deter Iran be ? What would your diplomatic strategy be ?

  sanders’s Answer : Bernie would work with our European allies to de-escalate tensions with Iran and engage in aggressive diplomacy that would safeguard the security of the U.S. and our partners while preventing a disastrous war with Iran.

  3. North Korea

  Dismantling North Korea’s nuclear program has long been an American priority, and President Trump has tried to do so through unusual means : direct diplomacy with the North’s leader, Kim Jong-un. It started in Singapore in 2018 but began to fall apart last February, when Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim emerged from a summit meeting in Vietnam empty-handed. In the interim, sanctions have remained, the North’s arsenal of weapons fuel and missiles has steadily expanded, and Mr. Kim recently threatened to resume missile tests.

  Would you continue the personal diplomacy President Trump began with Kim Jong-un ?

  sanders’s Answer : yes.

  Would you tighten sanctions until North Korea has given up all of its nuclear and missile programs ?

  sanders’s Answer : No.

  Would you gradually lift sanctions in return for a freeze on fissile material development, as President Clinton attempted ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  Would you insist on substantial disarmament before relieving any sanctions ?

  sanders’s Answer:No.

  Would you agree to begin withdrawing American troops from the Korean peninsula ?

  sanders’s Answer : No, not immediately. We would work closely with our South Korean partners to move toward peace on the Korean peninsula, which is the only way we will ultimately deal with the North Korean nuclear issue.

  Please describe your North Korea strategy further.

  sanders’s Answer : Every step we take to reduce North Korea’s nuclear force, to open it up to inspections, to end the 70-year-old Korean War and to encourage peaceful relations between the Koreas and the United States increases the chances of complete denuclearization of the peninsula. Peace and nuclear disarmament must proceed in parallel, in close consultations with our South Korean ally. I will work to negotiate a step-by-step process to roll back North Korea’s nuclear program, build a new peace and security regime on the peninsula, and work toward the eventual elimination of all North Korean nuclear weapons.

  4. Afghanistan

  The war in Afghanistan, begun after the Sept. 11 attacks, is the longest war in United States history, and documents released in December revealed that three successive presidential administrations misled the American people about the progress — or lack thereof — being made on the ground. That the United States should withdraw has become a rare point of agreement between President Trump and Democrats. But there are still significant disagreements over when, and under what conditions, that withdrawal should happen.

  Would American troops be in Afghanistan at the end of your first term ? If so, would you limit those troops’ mission to counterterrorism and intelligence gathering ?

  sanders’s Answer : No.

  Would American presence in Afghanistan be dependent on other nations contributing troops on the ground ?

  sanders’s Answer : No.

  How long do you envision American troops being required, in any numbers, in Afghanistan ?

  sanders’s Answer : As president, Bernie would withdraw U.S. military forces from Afghanistan as expeditiously as possible. Bernie intends to have U.S. forces out of Afghanistan by the end of his first term. Our military has now been in Afghanistan for nearly 18 years. We will soon have troops in Afghanistan who were not even born on Sept. 11, 2001. It’s time to end our intervention there and bring our troops home, in a planned and coordinated way combined with a serious diplomatic and political strategy which helps deliver desperately needed humanitarian aid. Withdrawing troops does not mean withdrawing all involvement, and my administration would stay politically engaged in these countries and do whatever we can to help them develop their economy and strengthen a government that is responsible to its people.

  5. Israel

  In Israel, a two-state solution — long viewed as the only workable end to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict — appears more distant than ever after President Trump and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu embraced a plan that appeared to tilt the outcome in Israel’s favor. Mr. Trump’s decision in 2018 to move the United States Embassy from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem was deeply polarizing. So is the B.D.S. (Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions) movement, which has grown increasingly prominent and which the House condemned in a bipartisan resolution last year.

  Should the United States maintain its current level of military aid to Israel ? If not, how should the level of aid change ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes, but that aid can be conditioned on Israel taking steps to end the occupation and move toward a peace agreement.

  Bernie believes that U.S. aid should be conditioned on a range of human rights concerns. American taxpayers shouldn’t be supporting policies that undermine our values and interests, in Israel or anywhere. That’s why, when Bernie is president, he will use every tool at his disposal, including the conditioning of military aid, to create consequences for moves (such as settlements or annexation) that undermine the chances for peace.

  When we talk about conditioning aid, it’s important to note that this isn’t about singling out Israel, it’s about acting in an even-handed way in the region and making sure that American tax dollars do not go to supporting human rights abuses by any country.

  Do you support the B.D.S. movement ? If not, should the president and/or Congress act to hinder it ?

  sanders’s Answer : No. While Bernie is not a supporter of the B.D.S. movement, he believes that Americans have a constitutional right to participate in nonviolent protest.

  Should the United States Embassy in Israel be moved from Jerusalem back to Tel Aviv ?

  sanders’s Answer : Not as a first step. But it would be on the table if Israel continues to take steps, such as settlement expansion, expulsions and home demolitions, that undermine the chances for a peace agreement.

  Should all Palestinian refugees and their descendants have the right to return to Israel ?

  sanders’s Answer : The right of refugees to return to their homes after the cessation of hostilities is an internationally recognized right, but this issue will be negotiated between Israelis and Palestinians as part of a peace agreement.

  Do you support the establishment of a Palestinian state that includes West Bank land as demarcated by pre-1967 borders, except for longtime Israeli settlements ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes, if the settlement issue is negotiated between Israelis and Palestinians.

  If you answered yes to the last question, what will you do to achieve that where past administrations have failed ? If you answered no, what solution do you envision to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict ?

  sanders’s Answer :

  When it comes to the Israeli-Palestinian peace process, credible United States leadership is desperately needed. Bernie is a strong supporter of the right of Israel to exist in independence, peace and security. But he also believes that the United States needs to engage in an even-handed approach toward that longstanding conflict, which results in ending the Israeli occupation and enabling the Palestinian people to have independence and self-determination in a sovereign, independent, economically viable state of their own. In his view, that end result would be in the best interests of Israel, the Palestinian people, the United States and the entire region.

  The parameters of a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict are well known. They are based in international law, in multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions, and are supported by an overwhelming international consensus : two states based on the 1967 lines, with Jerusalem as the capital of both states. Ultimately, it’s up to the Palestinians and Israelis themselves to make the choices necessary for a final agreement, but the United States has a major role to play in brokering that agreement.

  As president, Bernie will put real pressure on both sides, including conditioning aid. The U.S. gives a lot of aid to both Israel and the Palestinians, and it’s totally appropriate to withhold that aid when they do things we don’t like.

  When we are in the White House, we will restore funds to U.N.R.W.A., a major element of U.S. efforts to reach a peaceful solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Bernie will call upon Israel to end policies that violate international humanitarian law, such as home demolitions and settlement construction in the occupied territories, and work to ensure that U.S. aid is not used to support these activities. Bernie will also continue to condemn violence against civilians by all sides.

  6. Russia

  Russia has been a deeply destabilizing force on the world stage for several years, including through its annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014 and its meddling in the United States’ 2016 presidential election. After it annexed Crimea, it was suspended from the Group of Eight bloc of industrialized nations (now, in Russia’s absence, the Group of Seven). But President Trump has pushed to readmit Russia to the G-7 and has held several meetings with President Vladimir Putin, the contents of which have not been disclosed.

  If Russia continues on its current course in Ukraine and other former Soviet states, should the United States regard it as an adversary, or even an enemy ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  Should Russia be required to return Crimea to Ukraine before it is allowed back into the G-7 ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  7. China

  The Chinese government has been systematically persecuting Muslim minorities : separating families, subjecting Uighurs and Kazakhs to forced labor and operating internment camps. It is also embroiled in a political crisis over Hong Kong, a special administrative region of China. At the same time, President Trump has taken a hard line on trade with China, imposing economically damaging tariffs. Last month, the United States and China signed an initial trade deal.

  Should respect for Hong Kong’s political independence, under the terms of the handover agreement with Britain, be a prerequisite for normal relations and trade with China ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  Should normal relations and trade be contingent on China’s closing its internment camps for Uighurs and other Muslim minority groups ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  8. NATO

  The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, a military alliance among 29 North American and European countries, has been a linchpin of the United States’ foreign policy for decades. But President Trump has often criticized the alliance, arguing that the United States gives too much and gets too little from it. During his 2016 campaign, he refused to commit to NATO’s central pledge — defending other members if they are attacked — if the members in question had not met their spending commitments, and aides say that in 2018, he repeatedly suggested withdrawing. Last year, NATO agreed to reduce the United States’ contribution and increase Germany’s.

  Should NATO nations pay more for defense than their current commitment of at least 2 percent of G.D.P.?

  sanders’s Answer : No.

  Should nations that do not fulfill their NATO funding commitment still receive an assurance of United States aid if they are attacked ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  9. Cyber Policy

  Cyber weaponry has emerged as the primary way nations compete with and undercut each other in short-of-war conflict. Yet there are few international rules that govern the daily battles — or prevent escalation. As a shadow war emerges in cyberspace, President Trump has given far more powers to the United States Cyber Command and the National Security Agency.

  Should a presidential order be required to launch a cyber strike against another country, just as it is required to launch a nuclear strike ?

  sanders’s Answer : Yes.

  The United States Cyber Command’s new strategy is “persistent engagement,” meaning the U.S. goes deep inside foreign computer networks to constantly engage with adversaries and dissuade strikes on the United States. Would you continue this policy ?

  sanders’s Answer

  Bernie would undertake a comprehensive review of U.S. cyber strategy and work to bring countries together around international conventions to control the use of these dangerous weapons.

  If you answered yes to the last question, would you nevertheless insist that other nations pursuing “persistent engagement” could not be inside American power grids and other critical infrastructure ?

  sanders’s Answer :

  Not applicable.

  10. National Security Strategy

  In the post-Cold War era — and especially after the Sept. 11 attacks — the focal point of American foreign policy moved to counterterrorism, the Middle East and Afghanistan. President Trump has, at least on paper, argued for shifting American foreign policy back to confront the “revisionist powers” of Russia and China.

  President Trump’s national security strategy calls for shifting the focus of American foreign policy away from the Middle East and Afghanistan, and back to what it refers to as the “revisionist” superpowers, Russia and China. Do you agree ? Why or why not ?

  sanders’s Answer :

  Despite its stated strategy, the Trump administration has never followed a coherent national security strategy. In fact, Trump has escalated tensions in the Middle East and put us on the brink of war with Iran, refused to hold Russia accountable for its interference in our elections and human rights abuses, has done nothing to address our unfair trade agreement with China that only benefits wealthy corporations, and has ignored China’s mass internment of Uighurs and its brutal repression of protesters in Hong Kong. Clearly, Trump is not a president we should be taking notes from.

  As the wealthiest and most powerful nation on earth, we have got to help lead the struggle to defend and expand a rules-based international order in which law, not might, makes right. When Bernie is president, we will leverage our position as a world power to combat the rise of the international authoritarian axis, and work to build a coalition that mobilizes behind a vision of shared prosperity, security and dignity for all people.

  11. Top Diplomatic Priority

  The next president will be confronted with an array of foreign policy challenges, from North Korea’s nuclear program to international efforts to combat climate change. It will not be possible to address all of them at once. This makes it essential to understand not only the candidates’ policies, but also their priorities.

  What would be your top priority for your secretary of state ?

  sanders’s Answer :

  Bernie has long believed that the U.S. must lead the world in improving international cooperation to address shared challenges. That’s why, together with his secretary of state, Bernie’s administration will implement a foreign policy which focuses on democracy, human rights, environmental justice and economic fairness. Leading an international effort against the urgent threat of climate change will be a top priority.

  When Bernie is president, we will reverse Trump’s assault on diplomacy. For example, while China expands its diplomatic footprint around the world, the U.S.’s is shrinking. More than 25 percent of the State Department’s key positions remain vacant. We will make recruitment for the State Department and the rebuilding of our professional diplomatic corps a priority. Investing more in diplomacy, development and conflict prevention upstream can prevent the need for military intervention downstream. Starving diplomacy and foreign aid now will result in greater military defense needs later on.

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• USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord 27 février 2020 11:49, par labidouille

  Bonjour,

  Un yankee comme les autres
  Lire Pourquoi je ne « crois » pas en Bernie Sanders par J Bricmont

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  • USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord 27 février 2020 21:15, par Jean "Atchoum" Pardon

    Bonjour,
    Un franchouillard comme les autres ?
    Pourquoi je ne crois pas, version dérisoire de le conclusion de
    J. Bricmont par Jean "Atchoum" Pardon.

    Je ne crois pas à un changement interne du système français par de simples élections mais, comme lors de la décolonisation de son empire, on peut espérer en limiter la violence par une résistance populaire massive (c’est de l’humour belge, des fois que…).

    Mais mes objections les plus profondes s’adressent à Mélenchon et à ses supporters (anglicisme ! Oui, désolé…), à ses partisans mais aussi aux Européens « progressistes » qui, tous les 5 ans, espèrent que la France élisent un « bon » président.
    Il faut se rendre compte que nous n’avons aucun moyen d’influencer les élections sans financements conséquents ; ce que fait le régime capitaliste, la dictature néo-libérale, influencer ou même subvertir des élections, est totalement inacceptable chez nous comme partout, comme on l’a vu avec l’agitation autour du soi-disant président Macron.

    Ce que nous devons faire, c’est combattre la fascination que nous avons devant "l’élites" politiques et intellectuelles et soutenir tout ce qui peut nous amener à des politiques d’indépendances envers toutes les hiérarchies et entreprises qui dominent le monde, et pas seulement envers la Russie, la Chine, l’Iran, et la Syrie.

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• USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord 27 février 2020 13:06, par do

  L’anticommunisme, profession des sionistes (Livre introuvable d’URSS 1972)

  http://mai68.org/spip/spip.php?article4974

  Je vous propose aujourd’hui un petit livre, de moins de cent pages en gros caractères, qui nous vient en direct de l’ancienne Union Soviétique. Il a été écrit par N. Bolchakov et publié par Novosti en 1972. Il nous explique en particulier que le sionisme est l’idéologie de la classe dominante juive. Mais aussi, il dénonce les nombreuses compromissions du sionisme avec Hitler et les nazis ; et plein d’autres choses. Ce petit livre est Bourré de références prouvant ce qu’il raconte. Format PDF.

  Cliquer ici pour l’article et les commentaires

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• USA - Élections - Bernie Sanders, le démocrate soit-disant "socialiste", envisage de bombarder préventivement l’Iran et la Corée du Nord 27 février 2020 22:02

  Il doit donner des gages à l’aile droite de son parti et au complexe militaro-industriel, alors il le fait… C’est ça la démocratie bourgeoise ! Il a été obligé de dire que la CRIMEE est annexée par la Russie du méchant POUTINE et de ne pas parler du DOMBAS car les électeurs américains ne savent pas que le DOMBAS existe et ne veulent pas voter pour un mec trop plus intelligent qu’eux… Une fois élu il sera donc coincé par ses propres paroles que l’on saura lui rappeler, sauf s’il parvient à "faire bouger les lignes". La politique politicienne bourgeoise n’est pas une noble partie d’échecs où le jeu de chacun est sur la table. C’est quand même plus compliqué qu’une partie de poker où des racailles plument des suicidaires, mais c’est du même type.

  Les élections et les référendums s’adressent à l’électorat, via le grand public, pas au peuple ni à la classe ouvrière organisée.

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